Wang Yiming

As a new factor of production, data is the basis for digitization, networking, and intelligence. It has been rapidly integrated into production, distribution, circulation, consumption, and social service management, profoundly changing production methods, lifestyles, and social governance methods. The role of production efficiency, improving life quality and innovating social governance has become increasingly prominent.

The construction of the data infrastructure system is related to the overall situation of national development and security. Not long ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when presiding over the 26th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms: "To coordinate the promotion of data property rights, circulation transactions, income distribution, and security governance, and to accelerate the construction of a data infrastructure system." This points the way for us to develop the digital economy. China has advantages in data scale and data application. It is estimated that by 2025, the total amount of data generated in China will reach 48.6ZB (one ZB is approximately equal to 10 trillion bytes), accounting for about 27.8% of the world's total. Data has the technical and economic characteristics of high initial cost, low replication cost and non-exclusivity, and can be used indefinitely without loss of quantity and quality. Converting huge data resources into production factors and empowering the real economy will inject new momentum into high-quality development.

In order to give full play to the advantages of my country's data scale and data application, in recent years, my country has issued documents such as the "Outline of Action for Promoting the Development of Big Data" and "the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Big Data Industry", and formulated a series of data security laws, personal information protection laws, etc. Laws and regulations, actively promote the marketization of data elements, and promote the healthy development of the digital economy. It should also be noted that compared with the rapid expansion of data scale and the continuous innovation of application scenarios, my country's data system is not highly systematized, and there are still many shortcomings. It is necessary to further strengthen the top-level system design, from data property rights, circulation transactions, Start building a data infrastructure system in terms of revenue distribution, security governance, etc., to promote the efficient circulation and use of data.

Establish a property rights system for data elements. Clearly defining data property rights and promoting equal protection and effective protection of property rights are the prerequisites for data circulation and transactions. Clearly define the ownership of data property rights, standardize the behavior of data users, promote the use of public data, enterprise data, and personal data for classification, grading, and authorization, and establish a separate property rights operation such as the right to hold data resources, the right to process and use data, and the right to operate data products. Only by improving the protection system of rights and interests of data elements can we improve the rules for the definition, transfer, use, and protection of data property rights, and provide institutional guarantees for data circulation, transactions, and income distribution.

Establish a data element circulation and transaction system. Only when data elements are circulated and can be legally traded, can the market's price discovery function be better played, the price formation mechanism of data elements can be improved, the valuation and pricing methods can be improved, and the scale of data circulation and transactions can be continuously expanded. This requires improving the compliance and regulatory rules system for the entire data process, building a standardized data trading market, encouraging more subjects to participate in the data element market, solving the problem of unwillingness, daring, and inability to participate in data trading, and promoting the efficient allocation of data resources .

Establish a data element income distribution system. Only by giving full play to the role of the market mechanism and redistribution mechanism and ensuring that market entities obtain reasonable returns according to their contributions can various entities be motivated to participate in the market. It is necessary to improve the market-based allocation mechanism of data elements, reduce the price distortion of data elements, and promote the contribution of data elements according to the market evaluation and the determination of remuneration according to the contribution; Efficient and fair data element revenue distribution system.

Improve the data security governance system. Data security is a matter of national security. We should adhere to the overall national security concept, establish and improve a data security governance system, and improve data security assurance capabilities. According to different data types, data uses, data sensitivity, etc., improve the classification and classification management methods, maintain national data security, protect personal information and business secrets, implement security throughout the entire process of data governance, keep the bottom line of security, clarify the red line of supervision, and strengthen key points Law enforcement and justice in the field, and resolutely manage what must be managed. At the same time, it is also necessary to build a multi-party collaborative governance model for the government, enterprises, and society, strengthen sub-industry supervision and cross-industry collaborative supervision, and consolidate corporate data security responsibilities.

In a sense, data, like the "oil" in the digital economy era, will provide an important driving force for the development of the digital economy. Accelerating the construction of a data infrastructure system and better unlocking the potential of data elements will enable my country to better grasp the new round of scientific and technological revolution and new opportunities for industrial transformation, and inject strong momentum into building a modern economic system and building new national competitive advantages.