Researcher, Anhui Academy of Social Sciences, Anhui Research Center for Theoretical System of Socialism
with Chinese Characteristics
Literature and art are born with a certain historical temperament. From the human face fish pattern on the Banpo colored pottery basins in the early paintings of our country, to the ancient ballads of "broken bamboo, renew bamboo, flying soil, chasing the dead", to the traditional opera dance that sprouted from ancient ancestors offering sacrifices to the gods of entertainment. Ceremonial activities, etc., all carry and include the role and function of telling, recalling, and recording history. From China's earliest collection of poems "The Book of Songs" and the proses of pre-Qin scholars, to Tang poems, Song poetry, Yuan qu, Ming and Qing novels, they are vivid literary works, and they are also artistic reflections of historical changes in different eras.
General Secretary Xi Jinping called on the majority of literary and art workers at the opening ceremony of the 11th National Congress of Literature and Art and the 10th National Congress of Literature and Art: "We must establish a great view of history and a great era, see thousands of rivers, raise millions of soldiers, and grasp history. The process and the general trend of the times reflect the great changes of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, reveal the righteous way of China in the past century, carry forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core, carry forward the great party-building spirit, and sing the main theme of the times. "The idea of "establishing a great historical view and a great era view" is of great guiding significance for current literary and artistic creation.
The so-called "great historical view" is to adhere to the methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and to see the vast and profound historical time and space with a comprehensive, objective, dialectical, and linked development perspective, and not only distinguish the mainstream and tributaries of historical development, as well as the whole and the part. , Essence and phenomenon, laws and accidents, successes and mistakes, experiences and lessons, and for a certain period of history, an event, a certain person, the position, function, value, etc. can be accurately determined in the grasp of historical trends Judgment and positioning. Establishing a grand view of history means to observe objects from a high place with a broad perspective, not to be deceived by the illusion of things, and to obtain the realm and effect of foresight. History is the reality of the past, and reality is the living history. For the deep and heavy history and the lively and noisy reality, we must erect a coordinate system for correctly observing things, and see the essence through the phenomenon, so as not to be confused by the turbulent changes in the world and the complicated and complicated life appearances. Only in this way can we accurately and powerfully portray and present the historical process and the hearts of the world on the basis of penetrating history and reality.
Whether a person has a correct view of history is equivalent to whether a person has a correct thought, and it has a great influence on whether he can create excellent literary and artistic works. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, an uprising team represented by Song Jiang was active in Liangshan, Shuibo, Jining, Shandong. Shi Naian's "Water Margin" wrote them as heroes who made trouble in the state and helped the people, and Yu Wanchun's "Dang Kou" "Zhi" writes them as bandits and bandits who fight against the court and do evil. In response to this, Hu Yinglin, Shen Defu, Li Zhuowu, Jin Shengtan and others have made quite different opinions on the novel. The same historical event and character produced two works with completely contradictory meanings, creating two opposing artistic images and triggering critics' contradictory views. The key lies in different historical views. The reason is simple. The literary and artistic works are created by the literary artist. The correctness and depth of his understanding of the object of expression are directly related to whether the artistic image can be established and spread. This shows how important the artist’s subjective initiative, that is, the establishment of a correct view of the world and history, is for literary creation.
Establishing a grand history and a grand era view, of course, includes focusing on describing the thousands of years of long and glorious history of the Chinese nation, and focusing on depicting the great era of the Chinese people's unremitting struggle for the great rejuvenation of the nation in the past 100 years, but this by no means means It can only show major events and important people, and can only engage in major themes, major themes, major projects, and major productions. Literature and art always reflect life in concrete images. Determined by this fundamental feature, literary and artistic creation cannot guarantee the reliability and value of inductive qualitativeness by expanding the number and scale of statistics like social surveys, but can only be done by giving specific images more distinctive features and deeper meanings. Increase the typicality and generality of the artistic image.
Of course, we admire the small incisions for writing the big weather and the big state. It does not mean tolerating those bad phenomena such as chewing one's own pleasure and deliberately dissolving the seriousness of history. On the contrary, they are precisely the dirt that the literary world should remove. For a period of time, certain literary works have been keen on "joking about history", "consumption history" and even "deconstructing history", belittle the sublime, ridicule morality, ridicule heroes, de-ideologize, de-value, de-mainstream and other evil practices have been repeatedly forbidden, so that they are not uncommon. . In these works, the magnificent visions of the historical process and the general trend of the times are mostly interpreted as conspiracy, competition for favor, usurpation of power, seizure of power, etc.; earthly fireworks and the wonderful life of life are often replaced with food, love, calculation, play, etc. The catharsis and display of primitive life instincts are full of entertainment factors such as joking, promiscuity, violence, stimulation, and lack of respect and awe for history, society, and life. This phenomenon of literature and art should arouse our vigilance, reflection and rectification.
In contemporary China, the country is magnificent, the people are heroic, the politics are connected and the people are harmonious, and the future is great. At a time of great changes unseen in a century, literary and art workers shoulder the solemn mission of "showing the beauty of Chinese history, mountains and rivers, and culture, and expressing the Chinese people's struggle, creativity, and development." This especially requires the vast number of literary and art scholars to establish a grand history and a grand era, keep their eyes open, and understand the world. In the interweaving investigations that run through the ancient and modern vertical scales and integrate the horizontal scales of China and foreign countries, feel and grasp the Chinese people's arduous and arduous progress. Footsteps and heroic feats, with a steady stream of masterpieces, make due contributions to climbing the peak of literature and art and forging the new glory of Chinese culture.
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